• AR is an enzyme involved in

  2024-11-26

  

  AR is an enzyme involved in conversion of glucose into sorbitol using NADPH as a cofactor [46]. This AR polyol pathway generates sorbitol accumulation and NADPH depletion. NADPH participates in detoxification via glutathione (GSH) reductase pathway [47]. Therefore, reduction of NADPH attenuates remo

• Interestingly hypoxia and an enhanced

  2024-11-26

  

  Interestingly, hypoxia and an enhanced Warburg effect ultimately lead to increased lactate production. The accumulation of lactate results in an acidic tumor microenvironment, which induces local inflammation. Lactate also promotes the polarization of macrophages that express immunosuppressive argin

• br Conclusion br Conflict of Interest br Author Contribution

  2024-11-26

  

  Conclusion Conflict of Interest Author Contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by a research grant (SR/50/AS-14/2012) from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India to CMC and CSIR Senior Research Fellowship (09/013(0339)/2010-EMR-I) to SB. Introduction

• The present work has implications for our thinking

  2024-11-26

  

  The present work has implications for our thinking about the effects of antidepressant (e.g. SSRIs) use on maternal care in depressed mothers which consist of approximately 10–20% of all mothers (Gjerdingen and Yawn, 2007, Susser et al., 2016), and more than 40% of depressed mothers are prescribed w

• Because activation of HT A receptor

  2024-11-26

  

  Because activation of 5-HT2A receptor is capable of facilitating dopamine cell activity and dopamine release (Bortolozzi et al., 2003), and this action of dopamine is known to mediate rat maternal behavior, especially maternal motivation (Afonso et al., 2007, Febo et al., 2010, Li and Fleming, 2003,

• The following are the supplementary data related to this art

  2024-11-26

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Disclosure of interest Introduction Since the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy, metastatic testicular cancer has become a curable disease and most testicular cancer patient

• Taniyama et al reported a female with infertility who had

  2024-11-26

  

  Taniyama et al. reported a female with infertility who had a homozygous T-to-A transversion at nucleotide position g.2472 in exon 3 of the CYP17A1 gene (mutation Y201N) and decreased 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities of IVF LY2409881 was initiated using dexamethasone to control adrenal P pro

• ASK belongs to the family

  2024-11-25

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• AT signaling is distinct to

  2024-11-25

  

  AT2 signaling is distinct to that of AT1 (Kaschina and Unger, 2003). As shown here, opposite to the stimulating effect of AT1 signaling, it inhibits apelin secretion. Activation of AT2 receptor, which is also G-protein coupled, is known to decrease cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase

• The mechanism governing how mechanotransduction signals regu

  2024-11-25

  

  The mechanism governing how mechanotransduction signals regulate a number of genes involved in cartilage hemostasis remains unclarified. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by static and dynamic compression of cartilage (31 32). c-Fos/AP-1 is downstream of the MAPK pathway

• The initial demonstration of the potential of MALDI TOF

  2024-11-25

  

  The initial demonstration of the potential of MALDI-TOF MS for testing antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic fungi came from a proof-of-concept study by Marinach et al. [31] who monitored the changes of the proteome of C. albicans FRAX486 exposed to different concentrations of fluconazole. Using

• Thio-TEPA Our surprising results show that AAD treated

  2024-11-25

  

  Our surprising results show that AAD-treated tumors adjacent to adipose tissues and in steatotic liver continue to grow in the presence of a minimal number of microvessels. In non-adipose tumor models, the similar degree of vascular suppression is translated into marked suppression of tumor growth.

• Evidence from basic science studies suggests that

  2024-11-25

  

  Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd may play a role in prostate cancer through disruption of the androgen receptor (AR). AR, a hormone-activated transcription factor, is the key driver of prostate cancer progression [6]. Ironically, the AR is also required for normal prostate growth

• Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks

  2024-11-25

  

  Hepatic myosin and fibrosis are hallmarks of the NASH phenotype and are thought to occur in a subset of patients with NAFLD. While it is hypothesized that therapeutic lowering of hepatic lipids will be sufficient to improve hepatic fibrosis and inflammation secondarily, this remains controversial a

• What is the mechanism by which Wnt a Fz signaling

  2024-11-25

  

  What is the mechanism by which Wnt7a-Fz7 signaling enhances AMPAR localization and synaptic strength? Following induction of LTP, the number of AMPARs rapidly increases at extrasynaptic sites (Makino and Malinow, 2009, Yang et al., 2008a) through PKA-dependent phosphorylation of GluA1 at S845 (He et

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