• br Results br Discussion The importance of mitochondria

  2020-07-08

  

  Results Discussion The importance of mitochondria for the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is now emerging. It is evident that, despite the well-known Warburg effect, tumors have active mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism (Marin-Valencia et al., 2012, Hensley et al., 2016). Disrup

• Aldehyde dehydrogenase has been characterized

  2020-07-08

  

  Aldehyde dehydrogenase has been characterized as a cancer stem cell marker, which plays a key role in various biological processes in tumor, including cell proliferation, invasiveness and chemoresistance. Recent data of Abourbih et al reported that ALDH1 expression did not correlate with primary tum

• Interestingly genome wide association studies have linked th

  2020-07-08

  

  Interestingly, genome-wide association studies have linked the chromosomal region harboring RDHE2 (SDR16C5) and seven other genes to stature and growth in cattle, humans, and pigs [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], and beak deformity in chickens [38]. The most recent study specifically

• br Materials and Methods br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2020-07-08

  

  Materials and Methods Acknowledgements Introduction The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structure that acts as a scaffold for the mechanical support of multicellular organisms. It is responsible for the organisation of different tissues and regulates critical events in development a

• br Acknowledgements The study was supported by

  2020-07-08

  

  Acknowledgements The study was supported by grant no. 501-003-11043 from the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw. The authors thank Mrs. Ala Biegaj for the excellent technical assistance. Introduction In an effort to identify hIFN receptor molecules encoded by a gene(s) within hum

• It is now known that cholinergic signaling plays a

  2020-07-08

  

  It is now known that cholinergic signaling plays a vital role in controlling many peripheral functions including skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, autonomic postganglionic neuron activation, parasympathetic end-organ activation (e.g., salivary, lacrimal and bronchial glands), regulation of car

• Exon encodes a section of

  2020-07-08

  

  Exon 3 encodes a section of the extracellular ligand-binding domain and two variants in the 5′ region were first identified in Drosophila melanogaster (Semenov and Pak, 1999). These variants were initially termed modules 1 and 2 and correspond to exons 3a and 3b, respectively. To date, exon 3 altern

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion We

  2020-07-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion We have evaluated the breast cancer prevention potential of PR blockade under conditions that included exposure to progestogens that are relevant to women (progesterone and MPA) and are known to differ in their receptor-binding and down-stream effect

• HBTU receptor Although many of the genetic changes

  2020-07-08

  

  Although many of the genetic changes remain to be elucidated, there is evidence to support a difference in incidence and rate of rupture of cerebral aneurysms between men and women, and between pre- and postmenopausal women, suggesting that aneurysm formation may be affected by hormonal changes.18,

• An additional difference in ACC between

  2020-07-07

  

  An additional difference in ACC-1 between H. contortus and C. elegans is the results from the oocyte expression experiments. Here we found that unlike Cel-ACC-1 that was reported to form a functional homomeric channel (Putrenko et al., 2005), Hco-ACC-1 does not. However, we have observed that in gen

• An Ubl modification requires several steps that

  2020-07-07

  

  An Ubl modification requires several steps that are catalyzed by three enzymes, referred to as E1 (activating enzyme), E2 (conjugation enzyme), and E3 (ligase). The SUMO E1 is a heterodimer of SAE1 and Uba2 (also known as SAE2). In brief, an Ubl is first activated by E1 through ATP hydrolysis and f

• Introduction CYP is a superfamily of

  2020-07-07

  

  Introduction CYP450 is a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases, many of which are expressed in the liver, and they are significant phase-I brain metabolism in drug metabolism and detoxification. There are three subfamilies (CYP1, CYP2 and CYP3) that are mainly involved in the metabolism of

• br RING type E s and their substrates

  2020-07-07

  

  RING-type E3s and their substrates There is enormous diversity in substrate ubiquitination and its regulation, as the targets of RING-type E3s are incredibly varied. RING-type E3s are implicated as tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and mediators of endocytosis, and play critical roles in complex mul

• Most of the amino acid residues contacting

  2020-07-07

  

  Most of the amino BAY 57-9352 receptor residues contacting the substrate are within the nucleotide-recognition lid (mauve or magenta in Fig. 4A). Two particularly important residues, W69 and Y76, are conserved in eubacteria and in some but not all of eight human AlkB homologs [52], [76] (Fig. 4B).

• br DAG kinase activity is confined to specific cell

  2020-07-07

  

  DAG kinase activity is confined to specific cell compartments A number of reports demonstrating agonist-dependent translocation of DGKs to distinct membrane compartments suggest that DGK activity is restricted to localized DAG pools generated after activation of receptors. Perhaps the best eviden

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