• With wide spread use of corticosteroids to

  2023-11-07

  

  With wide-spread use of corticosteroids to combat inflammation and allergies, even children are susceptible to corticosteroid-induced muscle wasting. Although non-steroidal SGRMs that spare muscle and bone, but have significant anti-inflammatory effects, have been preclinically developed and tested,

• br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Tanshinone

  2023-11-07

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), a well-known Chinese traditional medicine that is used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [1]. Tan IIA exhibits diverse pharm

• Akt is another upstream kinase known to

  2023-11-07

  

  Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK Ser489 in response to high insulin levels [7], [21]. HepG2 hmg-coa reductase show an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser485 when incubated with either insulin or troglitazone individually (Fig. 5A and C). Despite this concurrent incr

• What is the mechanism by which Wnt a Fz

  2023-11-07

  

  What is the mechanism by which Wnt7a-Fz7 signaling enhances AMPAR localization and synaptic strength? Following induction of LTP, the number of AMPARs rapidly increases at extrasynaptic sites (Makino and Malinow, 2009, Yang et al., 2008a) through PKA-dependent phosphorylation of GluA1 at S845 (He et

• br Possible complementarity of trimming pathways Determining

  2023-11-07

  

  Possible complementarity of trimming pathways Determining the exact pathway for the generation or destruction of MHCI peptide ligands by ERAP1 is important for our understanding of the shaping of the immunopeptidome and for designing inhibitors that can manipulate it. It is also possible however

• This study was funded and supported

  2023-11-07

  

  This study was funded and supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; and Iran National Science Foundation. Introduction The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a central role in the signal transduction in the nervous system, hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acet

• Further evidence for ACh GABA cotransmission had also

  2023-11-07

  

  Further evidence for ACh/GABA cotransmission had also been observed in the cortex. Extensive axonal arborization from cholinergic BF neurons exists throughout the cortical layers, allowing direct observation of cholinergic synaptic terminals. One study in the visual cortex of cat examined immunolabe

• br Disclaimer br Conflicts of interest br Role of the

  2023-11-07

  

  Disclaimer Conflicts of interest Role of the Sponsor Acknowledgements Funding/support: This project was supported by a grant from the Department of Surgery (R5129), Western University and by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Western site. ICES is funded by an annual g

• It has been suggested that

  2023-11-07

  

  It has been suggested that the suppression of 5-LOX could promote apoptotic signaling pathways in cancers [6]. However, the role of 5-LOX in modulating apoptotic factors and neutrophil activation during ANP has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of 5-LOX in pa

• While the direct effects of ARI lead to a

  2023-11-07

  

  While the direct effects of 5-ARI lead to a dramatic GS-4997 synthesis in serum DHT levels, other laboratory values are also affected by 5-ARI use. Serum testosterone elevations are known to occur with both finasteride and dutasteride use, but values will typically remain within the normal laborato

• br Author contributions br Acknowledgments TJC KW and

  2023-11-06

  

  Author contributions Acknowledgments TJC, KW, and VG are supported by awards made to MJN: a Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council under Grant no. 311336; a University Research Fellowship from the Royal Society, and a Career Development Award from the Human Frontiers Science Pro

• br Acknowledgements M M M is

  2023-11-06

  

  Acknowledgements M.M.M. is the William Dow Lovett Professor of Neurology and is supported by grants from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, the American Parkinson Disease Association, the New Jersey Health Foundation/Nicholson Foundation, and by the National Institutes of Hea

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgement We wish to

  2023-11-06

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgement We wish to thank the Program of National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0200500) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYTZ201604) for partially funding this work. Introduction Chitosan ((1→4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose) is

• The specific mechanism and neurotoxic

  2023-11-06

  

  The specific mechanism and neurotoxic Aβ Exendin-3 (9-39) amide mg are yet to be elucidated, however recent studies have provided significant evidence for the amyloid channel hypothesis. These reports have established that relatively small oligomers ( Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This

• br Concluding Remarks and Future

  2023-11-06

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Herein, we have highlighted our current understanding of the role of the LKB1-AMPK pathway and its related kinases in β cell biology. β cell-specific genetic models have been particularly useful in delineating precise roles for individual family members

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