• VEGFR inhibition using sunitinib does not result

  2023-12-19

  

  VEGFR2 inhibition using sunitinib does not result in tumor growth reduction or in a further decrease in vessel density in NDRG1 overexpressing glioma rendering these tumors intrinsically resistant to antiangiogenic treatment. Intrinsic resistance to antiangiogenic therapy is defined as a non-respons

• Under some pathological conditions AT R internalization is d

  2023-12-19

  

  Under some pathological conditions, AT1R internalization is decreased when agonist exposure is prolonged. This weakens or removes the AT1R desensitization effect and leads to AT1R and downstream signal overactivation. AT1R overactivation can result in continued biological effects such as sustained v

• In our sequential model for tau and A

  2023-12-19

  

  In our sequential model for tau and Aβ deposition, we included the tau deposition in the medial temporal K-7174 receptor in the absence of Aβ deposition, which is a pathological definition of primary age-related tauopathy (PART). Although the tau pathologies in PART and AD are almost identical in t

• Overexpression of AR in a transgenic

  2023-12-19

  

  Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior Desfuroylceftiofur in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to th

• It has been largely demonstrated

  2023-12-19

  

  It has been largely demonstrated that several clinico-pathological factors influence ovarian cancer patients' prognosis, including residual tumor at primary cytoreductive surgery, FIGO stage, tumor grading, cancer histology and performance status [3,4]. Nevertheless, the recent awareness achieved in

• The AHR potentially enhances IDO expression possibly via cro

  2023-12-19

  

  The AHR potentially enhances IDO-expression, possibly via crosstalk with several inflammatory signaling pathways (shown by now for IL6 and ‘signal transducer and activator of transcription’ (STAT) 3, and for NFκB, toll like receptor-pathways) [56,59,60]. IDO metabolizes Trp to kynurenines, which are

• br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte fu

  2023-12-18

  

  Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte function As outlined above (see introduction), ADK critically regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in sglt-2 (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Changes in the levels of adenosine, as a result of the regulation of ADK expressio

• methane monooxygenase br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG

  2023-12-18

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterised by failure of transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In 80–85% of myasthenia gravis patients, the disease is mediated by antibodies to the nicotinic methane monooxygenase receptor (AChR; (Lindstrom et al., 1976)

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgments This research has

  2023-12-18

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgments This research has been supported by the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund 2013 of Chulalongkorn University (CU-56-341-AS) and the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund (RA55/22), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. The authors commemorate the 100th Anniversary of

• br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases V ATPases are

  2023-12-18

  

  Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp

• trans-AUCB In our studies of leucine and BCH in pancreatic i

  2023-12-18

  

  In our studies of leucine and BCH in pancreatic islets and clonal insulin cell lines, we noticed that leucine was a slightly stronger stimulant of insulin release. Previous studies showed that leucine can be metabolized to CO2[11], [12], [13], [14] and can increase acetoacetate in pancreatic islets

• Production of reactive oxygen species ROS during RSV infecti

  2023-12-18

  

  Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during RSV infection is one the important ways that neutrophils can injure the lungs [2], [24], [25]. Lipoxygenases are considered as an important source of producing ROS inside the gap junction [26]. Several studies have indicated that the 12/15-LOX is a

• Two parallel branches of the DNA

  2023-12-18

  

  Two parallel branches of the DNA damage-dependent S-phase checkpoint are thought to co-operate by inhibiting distinct steps of DNA replication. One branch includes the phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1), a cohesin that is activated by ATM or ATR after IR treatment or r

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have

  2023-12-18

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

• TLX may promote survival and prevent

  2023-12-18

  

  TLX may promote survival and prevent apoptosis in NB caspase pathway [12]. Here, we ask whether the survival-promoting effects of TLX are mediated by Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase-1 (ASK1, MAP3K5). ASK1 is a member of the Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase family and it preferentially acti

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